Follow-up Tracking and Breeding Verification on the Mystery of Cycd. Taiwan Gold and Cycd. Jumbo Puff

Reflecting on our 2013 investigative report and DNA testing data series, "Cycnodes Jumbo Puff or Cycnodes Taiwan Gold?", we noted a lingering regret: although the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) acknowledged the homologous relationship between Cycnodes (hereinafter Cycd.) Taiwan Gold and Cycd. Jumbo Puff based on molecular data, they chose not to alter the original registration due to administrative policies. At that time, we concluded with a resolve—to recreate the cross using the exact parents listed in the registration to decisively confirm this historical puzzle.

After years of patient cultivation, we officially remade the cross using the registered parentage: Cycnoches (hereinafter Cyc.) chlorochilon (Note: most domestic plants used under this name were actually Cyc. warscewiczii; however, for precise verification, we sourced authentic Cyc. chlorochilon) crossed with Cycd. Jumbo Jewel (= Cyc. haagii × Mormodes badia). This batch has now finally bloomed!

By examining the plant habits, flower coloration, and petal texture of these first blooms, we can now physically compare the "authentic Cycd. Taiwan Gold" (hereinafter Cycd. Original Taiwan Gold) against the market's Cycd. Jumbo Puff (the tetraploid mutants frequently mislabeled as Taiwan Gold, such as 'Orchis' or our nursery's 'Jumbo Canary'):

1. Bloodline and Phenotype Revealed: Cycd. Original Taiwan Gold carries the genetic lineage of Cyc. haagii. Its overall floral structure and color display distinct biological and visible differences from Cycd. Jumbo Puff (and its tetraploid mutations), which derives solely from Cyc. warscewiczii × Morm. badia. Cycd. Original Taiwan Gold essentially presents itself as an enlarged version of Cycd. Jumbo Jewel, proving that introducing Cyc. chlorochilon (or Cyc. warscewiczii) reliably yields a significant increase in flower size. Furthermore, the sepals show a distinct curvature clearly influenced by this parent (a characteristic curvature that would not occur if warscewiczii were used).

2. A Perfect Historical Closure: Years ago, our Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) DNA marker data highlighted the genetic divergence between the two lines. Today, the physical blooming of the authentic parent cross offers concrete biological proof confirming our original conclusion, bringing a decade-long breeding debate to a definitive end.

Comparison between the newly bloomed Cycd. Original Taiwan Gold (Left) and its parent Cycd. Jumbo Jewel (Right)

Flower size of Cycd. Jumbo Jewel: approximately 4.1 cm

Flower size of Cycd. Original Taiwan Gold: approximately 6.1 cm

RHS registration query result for Cycd. Taiwan Gold (Dated Feb 6, 2012)

RHS registration query result for Cycd. Taiwan Gold (Dated Oct 30, 2012)

Conclusion: Orchid hybridization is a long path that must withstand rigorous scientific scrutiny. We remain committed to documenting the truth—not just to correct the record, but to protect the purity and integrity of Catasetinae breeding lines. We add this update to share this milestone with growers and enthusiasts worldwide.

 有關Cycd. Taiwan Gold與Cycd. Jumbo Puff身世之謎後續追蹤與育種實證

《前情提要》對整個事件不了解的朋友歡迎先讀這一篇文

回顧 2013 年我們發表這一系列〈蘭界亂象，張冠李戴—從2011世界蘭展總冠軍案例談起〉的調查報告與 DNA 檢測數據時，曾提到一個遺憾：當時 RHS （Royal Horticultural Society 英國皇家園藝協會）雖然在分子數據上承認了 Cycnodes（以下簡稱 Cycd.）Taiwan Gold 與 Cycd. Jumbo Puff 的同源血緣關係，但基於行政登記考量未全面更改原始登記。當時我們在結語許下心願—要用真正的原親本組合重新育種，來徹底印證這段歷史。

歷經多年的等待與培育，近期我們正式用原初登記事實的親本組合—Cycnoches（以下簡稱 Cyc.）chlorochilon（註：當時國內使用的親本多數實為 Cyc. warscewiczii，不過為求真實還原，我們特地尋得真正的 Cyc. chlorochilon 來做親本）交配 Cycd. Jumbo Jewel（= Cyc. haagii x Mormodes badia）進行育種，這批後代終於順利迎來首花綻放！

透過實際開花的株型、花色與瓣質表現，我們得以將這組「真正的 Cycd. Taiwan Gold」（以下簡稱為 Cycd. Original Taiwan Gold）與當年的 Cycd. Jumbo Puff（市面常被誤植為 Taiwan Gold 的四倍體個體，如 'Orchis' 或本園的 'Jumbo Canary'）進行實體對比：

1. 血統與表型大白：Cycd. Original Taiwan Gold 包含了 Cyc. haagii 的血統基因，其整體花型結構與瓣色表現，確實與單純由 Cyc. warscewiczii 和 Morm. badia 組合而成的 Cycd. Jumbo Puff（及其突變四倍體）存在著生物學上與肉眼可見的顯著差異。Cycd. Original Taiwan Gold 基本上可視為 Cycd. Jumbo Jewel 的放大版，這也實證了在育種上引入 Cyc. chlorochilon（或 Cyc. warscewiczii）確實能帶來顯著的大花效果，並且在萼瓣表現上明顯受到其影響呈現彎曲的狀態（如果是warscewiczii就不會有這樣彎曲的表現）。

2. 歷史的完美閉環：當年的 DNA 分子標記（AFLP）檢測數據指出了兩者血緣的交錯點，而今日「原親本重現開花」的實體成果，不僅再次以生物學證據證明了我們當年的推論，也為這樁長達十多年的育種懸案畫下了完美的實證句點。

本次重交開花的 Cycd. Original Taiwan Gold （左）與親本 Cycd. Jumbo Jewel （右）比較

Cycd. Original Taiwan Gold 花朵大約6.1cm

Cycd. Jumbo Jewel 花朵大約4.1cm

在2012/2/6 RHS 註冊系統上查詢 Cycnd. Taiwan Gold 的結果

在2012/10/30 RHS 註冊系統上查詢 Cycnd. Taiwan Gold 的結果

結語：

蘭花的育種是一條漫長且需要經得起科學檢驗的道路。我們堅持記錄真相，不僅是為了正名，更是為了維護 Catasetinae（瓢唇蘭亞族）育種血統的純正與尊嚴。特此加註，與所有熱愛蘭花的前輩與同好們共同見證。

Cycnodes Jumbo Puff or Cycnodes Taiwan Gold ?

中文版下載 | English Version Download
 

On November 2011, Singapore held the 20th world orchid show, with the champion being an orchid from Taiwan. Undoubtedly, this top honor has inspired the orchid field markets in Taiwan to prosper. However, after the excitement, I could only feel sorry for the unfortunate fact that the information of the genetic background and name for this champion orchid is sadly misguided. The champion orchid of this year has been incorrectly named Cycnodes Taiwan Gold. Due to the phenotypic trait and appearance of Cycnodes Taiwan Gold being highly similar to the earlier hybrid, Cycnodes Jumbo Puff, it would actually be more accurate to say that the champion orchid should follow the name of the latter orchid.  In the 20th WOC，the hybridizer of Cycnodes Jumbo Puff, Mr. Chen Long-Huei of our nursery, has submitted an objection for this point. In meantime, Mr. Julian Shaw (from the RHS), in charge of orchid registration, and Mr. Chong-Yee Khoo, the judge of this show, have discussed this issue with us. At that time, since the objection was without clear supporting information, the issue did not follow further investigation. However, there has been some recent test data and relevant information to prove and explain the relationship between Cycnodes Taiwan Gold and Cycnodes Jumbo Puff.

蘭界亂象，張冠李戴-從2011世界蘭展總冠軍案例談起 PART 4(完)

真相只有一個，到最後勢必要用最科學的方式來做徹底的驗證，目前科學發達，凡事都可以靠檢驗DNA染色體去做確切的印證，包括各種蘭花之間的血緣關係，經過DNA檢驗之後又重新分類，相關的資訊可上網或者尋找相關書籍得知。

有一點扯遠了，幾年前在嘉義大學上課時，在幾位前輩以及教授的講課內容中有提到以DNA方式去檢驗蘭花之間的血緣關係，適逢張岳隆老師的實驗室中即是進行相關實驗的一個絕佳場所，我們就帶著材料商請張老師以及實驗室的同學們協助進行此一測試。



血緣關係圖

蘭界亂象，張冠李戴-從2011世界蘭展總冠軍案例談起 PART 3

講了半天來到了PART 3了，有許多朋友可能會覺得一頭霧水，趁著這篇內容較短，先來讓各位看一下 Cycd. Jumbo Puff 與 Cycd. Taiwan Gold 的關係，這樣在 PART 4會清楚許多，因為最艱深的總是要放在最後才說嘛!!



Taiwan Gold 與 Jumbo Puff 血緣關係

蘭界亂象，張冠李戴-從2011世界蘭展總冠軍案例談起 PART 2

感謝各位繼續收看我們的第二篇系列文章，從這篇文章中我們要拿一些審查紀錄作為參考，這些紀錄都是由台灣蘭花產銷發展協會(Taiwan Orchid Growers Association，簡稱TOGA)的網站上擷取的。

首先當然要來看 Cycd. Taiwan Gold 的審查紀錄，結果是查尋不到，這表示可能花主不願送審或者有其他難處？例如：送審後被更名？或者送審後被駁回？當然只有TOGA的專業評審員們才能回答了。

接著我們查詢 Cycd. Jumbo Puff 的審查紀錄。

2004/1月分審查紀錄，這也是本園第一株 Cycd. Jumbo Puff 作分生苗的母本，現在眼光看來它已經不夠美了。

蘭界亂象，張冠李戴-從2011世界蘭展總冠軍案例談起 PART 1

眾所皆知 WOC（World Orchid Conference 台灣俗稱世界蘭展）2011 的總冠軍品種是 Cycnodes(Cycd.) Taiwan Gold。會動筆寫這篇文章最主要的目的純粹只是正名，希望讓大家獲得一個正確的訊息，而不是由商人所操縱的錯誤資訊。當然也要感謝栽培者，讓Catasetinae家族成員的一員登上世界的舞台。

為何說錯誤資訊呢？原因乃是這株黃金色的天鵝蘭（正確來說應該算是燕鵝蘭了，但依照通俗說法還是稱它作天鵝蘭吧！）真正的登錄名應該是Cycnodes(Cycd.) Jumbo Puff。怎麼說呢？接著就讓我們來一一做個解釋讓大家了解原因吧！
 首先從最簡單的外觀來看。我們提供幾張照片讓大家參考參考。



這是WOC2011得獎的黃金天鵝蘭 Cycd. Taiwan Gold